Septic Tanks: Types, Materials, Functionality, and Installation Insights

A well-functioning septic system is essential to any residential or commercial property that isn't connected to a municipal sewer line. These systems quietly handle one of the most important aspects of everyday life—wastewater management. Understanding how they function, what types exist, what materials are best, and what’s involved in the installation process will help homeowners make informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know.

To explore more of our services related to excavation, grading, drainage, and septic maintenance, visit our full services page or check out our Maintain Services, Build Services, and Plant Services pages. You can also explore our Gallery to see real-world examples of our projects.

How Do Septic Tanks Work?

Basic Components of a Septic System

A septic system typically includes a tank, a drain field, and a network of pipes. The system starts when wastewater exits your home and flows into the septic tank. Inside the tank, waste is naturally separated into three layers: solids that settle at the bottom (sludge), oils and fats that rise to the top (scum), and the remaining wastewater in the middle (effluent), which flows out into the drain field.

The Waste Separation Process

The solid waste remains in the tank and requires occasional pumping, while the effluent moves into the drain field for final treatment. Here, the liquid percolates through gravel and soil layers, where microbes help remove harmful pathogens and nutrients. A healthy drain field is key to a system’s performance, making proper maintenance essential.

Maintenance Requirements

Routine septic pumping and inspections are critical to keeping your system running smoothly. Over time, sludge can accumulate and block the outlet, leading to backups and environmental hazards. Learn more in our blog on Signs Your Septic System Needs Service. You can also schedule professional maintenance through our Maintain Services page.

Types of Septic Tanks

Conventional Gravity Systems

These systems depend on gravity to move effluent from the tank to the drain field and are best for properties with sufficient space and proper soil conditions. They are cost-effective and commonly used in both residential and rural settings. Our Build Services often include these systems as part of full-site development packages.

Pressure Distribution Systems

A pressure distribution system utilizes a pump to distribute effluent evenly across the drain field. These systems are ideal for sites with uneven terrain or shallow soil and offer greater efficiency in waste treatment, especially in smaller or challenging properties.

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs)

ATUs introduce oxygen into the tank to support bacteria that more effectively break down waste. These systems are more advanced and require regular maintenance, but they provide a higher level of treatment—perfect for environmentally sensitive locations.

Mound Systems

When the soil is unsuitable or the water table is too high, mound systems are a great alternative. The system involves a raised bed of engineered materials that safely filter effluent above ground level. These systems are custom-engineered and typically more expensive but essential in certain environments.

Sand Filter Systems

Sand filter systems incorporate an additional filtration step before the effluent reaches the drain field. They provide a robust layer of environmental protection and are often used near lakes, rivers, or water wells. Though more costly, their added safety is worth the investment for many homeowners.

Need help selecting the right system? Reach out through our Contact Page or learn more about our septic installation options through the Maintain Services page.

Materials Used in Septic Tank Construction

Concrete

Concrete is the most common material used in septic tank construction. It is extremely durable and can last for decades if installed correctly. However, improper installation or poor-quality concrete can lead to cracks, which may result in leaks and expensive repairs. These tanks are heavy and require professional placement, which we handle as part of our Build Services.

Polyethylene (Plastic)

Plastic tanks are lighter, easier to install, and resistant to corrosion. However, they must be carefully installed to prevent shifting after placement. They’re ideal for properties with access issues or where a crane might not be feasible. Our team ensures they’re properly anchored and leveled during installation.

Fiberglass

Fiberglass tanks offer the benefits of plastic—corrosion resistance and ease of installation—while being structurally stronger and less prone to deformation. Though pricier, they are an excellent long-term option, especially for homes with high water usage or commercial properties.

Steel (Less Common)

Once common, steel tanks are now largely obsolete due to rust and corrosion issues. If your property still uses a steel tank, it may be time to consider an upgrade. Let us assess your system during a septic service inspection and provide options.

How Are Septic Tanks Installed?

Site Evaluation and Permitting

Before installation, we evaluate the slope, soil quality, and water table to determine system requirements. We also manage all permits and code requirements, so you don’t have to worry about legal hurdles. This step is critical in ensuring a system that functions properly for years.

Excavation and Tank Placement

We use professional-grade equipment to dig the tank pit and prepare the site. This process is often bundled with related tasks like grading and drainage, which helps ensure proper wastewater flow. Our Gallery features several past septic installs that demonstrate our careful approach.

Connection to Plumbing and Drain Field

Once placed, the tank is connected to your home’s plumbing, and the drain field is constructed. This includes laying down gravel and pipes in trenches to help evenly disperse effluent. Our experienced team ensures every part is tightly sealed and properly graded to prevent backups.

Final Backfill and Inspection

After successful installation, the system is backfilled with soil and compacted. We schedule and manage final inspections with local authorities to ensure compliance. Once approved, your septic system is fully operational and ready to handle your household or property’s wastewater.

How Long Does It Take to Build a Septic System?

Timeline for a Standard System

Standard septic installations usually take 3–5 days, including excavation, tank placement, and field installation. Weather and soil conditions may extend this to 7–10 days. We streamline the process to minimize disruption to your routine.

Factors That Can Cause Delays

Wet weather, unusual site conditions, or permitting delays may add extra time. Complex systems like ATUs or mound designs also require more engineering. That said, our team maintains clear communication to help keep your project on schedule.

Planning Around Your Build Schedule

If your septic installation is part of a new construction or renovation, we coordinate with builders and other subcontractors to ensure everything aligns smoothly. You can view examples of successful, integrated installations in our project gallery.

Conclusion: Know What You’re Getting Into

Investing in a septic tank system requires understanding all the moving parts—from materials to installation timelines and the types that best suit your property. With the right team, high-quality materials, and proper planning, a septic system can serve your home reliably for decades.

To see what we’ve achieved for other homeowners and contractors, explore our Gallery or visit the Maintain and Build Services pages. Each project is tailored to the unique needs of the property and client.

Ready to Get Started?

When you’re ready to install a new septic system or upgrade an existing one, Eagle Eye Home Services is here to help. From site analysis and permitting to full installation and inspection, we’ve got the experience and equipment to get the job done right.

Take the first step toward a more efficient, environmentally friendly wastewater solution. Contact us today to schedule a consultation or site evaluation. Don’t forget to visit our Gallery and Service Pages to learn more about what we can do for your property.

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